Plant breeders must have access to genetic variation in crop species. Essentials of plant breeding was written as a textbook for a. Crop plant germplasm collections are often too large to be of use regularly. The idea of writing a thesis myself might never have arisen if evert jacobsen, professor in plant breeding at wageningen university, had not been pointing me in this direction for quite some time.
It is a complex subject, involving the use of many interdisciplinary modern sciences and technologies. Plant breeding breeding selfpollinated species britannica. Aims and objectives of plant breeding plant breeding is an art and science, which tells us ways and means to change the genetic architecture of plants so as to attain a particular objective. Modes of reproduction introduction reproduction modes. Strategic management important questions ba5302 pdf free download. Crosspollination, where pollen from one plant can only fertilize a different plant.
A pure line breeding method is normally used for selfpollinated crops, but has importance in breeding of inbred lines that are used to make hybrids in self or cross pollinated crops. One major technique of plant breeding is selection, the process of selectively propagating plants. Bulk breeding pure line selection pedigree selection singleseed descent. These methods continue to enrich the germplasm base of crop plants by evolving genetically superior varieties for cultivation. The concept of pure line was proposed by danish botanist johan seen in 1903 on the basis of his studies on princess beans phaseolus vulgaris, which is highly self pollinated species. Development of a mapping population in polyploid plant species step 2. Method of plant breeding in self pollinated plants pure line selection. Other articles where pureline selection is discussed.
Plant breeding methods over the past several decades have contributed immensely to develop genetically improved crop varieties for increasing food security. Genetic linkage is a phenomenon in which genes tend to be inherited together. The goal of plant breeding is to develop and use methods that effectively select for the best phenotypes leading to the development of improved cultivars. Biosafety considerations for new plant breeding techniques content.
Chapter 31 examines selection under such cross breeding. Genetics became a fundamental science of plant breeding after the moravian monk j. Pureline selection generally involves three more or less distinct steps. In this method, plants are selected based on their desirable morphological characters phenotype. Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. Successful commercial plant breeding concerns were founded from the late 19th century. Inducing variability with other varieties or wild plants.
Genetic engineering, improved varieties, role of biofertilizers. Plant breeding is the process of using two parent plants to create an offspring plant. What is the method of the pure line selection in plant. Plant breeding and genetics encyclopedia of life support.
Genetic improvement of the pee dee cotton germplasm. Sep 17, 2015 plant breeding provides the seeds of new highyielding cultivars, which often include other desired traits that increase farming profitability and sustainability. When a large number of plants of similar phenotype are selected and their seeds are mixed together to constitute a new variety. From publications to practice yunbi xu and jonathan h.
Cab direct platform is the most thorough and extensive source of reference in the applied life sciences, incorporating the leading bibliographic databases cab abstracts and global health. Plants are crossbred to introduce traitsgenes from one variety or line into a new genetic background. Crouch abstract the volume of publications on the development and to a lesser extent the application of molecular markers in plant breeding has increased dramatically during the last decade. Early on, it primarily involved selection, the choice between good and bad plants.
In vitro mutagenesis and selection in plant tissue. Online course plant breeding growing hybrids, cultivars. The following points highlight the four main of plant breeding methods. Variations in the pure line results from environmental factors only. Statistical applications in plant breeding and genetics. Selffertilization, where pollen from a plant will fertilise reproductive cells or ovules of the same plant. It involves manipulation of plant species in order to create desired genotypes and phenotypes for specific purposes. Genetics made plant breeding a sciencebased approach for crop improvement that continues evolving due to increasing knowledge. Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable. Starts with an f 1 between two parents, and proceeds with selection from the f 2 onwards.
Definition, aim, objectives and scope of plant breeding definition. Selection within a pure line is not effective because all the plants in a pure line have exactly the same genotype. Statistical analysis has many applications ensuring the validity and reproducibility of plant breeding and genetics research. This seems to violate mendels postulate of independent assortment of genes and can make it difficult to pick out a single trait from one parent without also bringing over others. Modern plant breeding is considered a discipline originating from the science of genetics. It is not as rigorous as pureline breeding obviously inferior plants are destroyed before flowering but overall. This was the second workshop to be hosted by fsanz on this topic. Plant breeding techniques an evaluation for organic plant breeding.
Selection is then imposed on rows or plots of the progeny. Only those breeding and selection methods are suitable for a crop which does not interfere with its natural state or ensure the maintenance of such a state. In the absence of progeny test, it is not possible to determine if the selected plant are homozygous. Lec 22 population improvement programmes, recurrent selection, synthetics and composites 9 lec 23 hybrids 140143 lec 24 clonal selection 144148 lec 25 hybridization 149152 lec 26 mutation breeding 153157 lec 27 procedure for mutatuion breeding 158162 lec 28 application of mutatuion breeding 163166 lec 29 1 ploidy breeding 167180 lec 30 2 ploidy breeding 181194. Plant breeding is the art and science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. An uncorrected copy, or prepublication, is an uncorrected proof of the book. It follows that, for the kth candidate for selection, predicted breeding values for the economically important traits are. Other selection indices described in the literature may assist plant breeders in identifying superior progeny. It is not as rigorous as pureline breeding obviously inferior plants are destroyed before flowering but overall many lines are kept and contribute to the genetic base.
Plant breeding can be defined as an art and science and technology of improving the genetic make up of plants in relation to their economic use for the man kind. Selection methods in plant breeding based on mode of. Even though the phrase to breed plants often connotes the involvement of the sexual process in. Popular histories of breeding and genetics remain largely linear accounts of theoretical progress and technical refinement from the rediscovery of mendel onwards, within which johannsen features as important for founding and clarifying core principles. It has been used to improve the quality of nutrition in products for humans and animals. Mendel discovered the laws of heredity in the mid19th century. Pure line selection generally involves three more or less distinct steps. However, the current population increase demands to embrace. The main rationale for ppb and participatory varietal selection pvs in developing. Generically, plant breeding includes two major facets. The expected result is a set of genetically homogeneous lines.
Pure line selection is a method in which new variety is developed by selection of single best plant progeny among traditional varieties or land races. Statistical genetics and plant breeding the national. Various selection procedures, such as pure line selection, progeny selection, clonal selection, recurrent selection, and disruptive selection are commonly used in crop improvement programmes depending upon the mode of pollination of a crop species, the predominant gene action, and. It is due to such reasons that imposition of selffertilization on crosspollinating crops leads to drastic reduction in their performance. Starts with an f 1 between two parents, and proceeds with selection from the f 2 onwards 1 between two parents, and proceeds with selection from the f 2 onwards. Plant breeding mendelian to molecular approaches h. Two public germplasm programs highlighted in that report new mexico acala and pee dee were also found to account for 50% of fi ber strength improvements. The procedure is more effective as careful progeny test. Mar 01, 2016 the developed through mass selection so variation and are not uniform as pure line variety. Plant physiology photosynthesis and its significance. Selection with in the original lot of beans was effective because the plants have genetic variation. However, there are still important parts of this picture that remain largely. For participants in our professional certificate in plant breeding and. Inbred line development and hybrid cultivar production.
Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable characteristics for propagation, to methods that make use of knowledge of. Dec 29, 2016 i dont quite get your terminology, but i was involved in plant breeding. Copy the html code below to embed this book in your own blog, website, or application. Ppb is defined here as that type of plant breeding in which farmers, as well as other. The indian society of genetics and plant breeding was established in 1941 in. Selection of parental lines with desired properties. Plant breeding is often said to be a process not of selection, but of elimination. For participants in our professional certificate in plant breeding and genetics, completion of all three units is required. Plant breeders must be equipped with the tools to respond quickly to new demands by developing accelerated breeding techniques. Modes of reproduction introduction reproduction modes autogamous crops consequences of selffertilisation.
You need to produce a cultivar that is unlike anything else available or differs significantly, and. National plant germplasm system coordinated by usda contains more than 500,000 accessions accession can be population, line, cultivar, individual plant, clone, etc. The plants are selected for their desirability of characters that may not be similar phenotype. Selection is an important activity in plant breeding programmes. The purpose of the workshops has been to improve fsanzs knowledge and understanding of various new breeding techniques and to discuss scientific, technical and regulatory issues surrounding their potential use in commercial agriculture. All germplasm in npgs available free used by us and world scientists comprised by 4 major areas plant introduction plant collection information systems. Know mass selection to understand the procedure for development of such varieties go through the page procedure for pureline selection. Plant breeding can be a risky business, though, if you do not have an adequate level of plant knowledge as well as horticultural skills. Biosafety considerations for new plant breeding techniques introduction umweltbundesamt rep0477, vienna 2014 5 1 introduction 1. You need to produce a cultivar that is unlike anything else available or differs significantly, and has the potential to sell at a high price and in large numbers. It involves selecting single plants from crop populations and evaluating their progenies for superior performance. Selection methods are of two types mass selection and pure line selection. Pure line selection and mass selection breeding methods. Early on, it primarily in volved selection, the choice between good and bad plants.
Unlike pureline selection where the derived type consists of a single pure line, in mass selection the majority of selected lines are likely to be retained. People learned not to eat all the best fruit but to plant the seed from some of them. When dealing with autogamous species, plant breeders have used two broad approaches towards. Hybrid breeding food and agriculture organization of the united. Efficacy of regeneration of target cell line and of the selection regime em ployed, if any. Crouch abstract the volume of publications on the development and to a lesser extent the application of molecular markers in plant breeding has increased. In fact, traditional farming and lowinput systems, including organic agriculture, are a very heterogeneous population of target environments and not easily served by centralized, conventional plant breeding. Each index displays certain particularities in its calculations. Historians of science concerned with plant breeding and genetics have largely focussed upon particular geneticists and plant breeders while exploring the agricultural context as an important location for their work. The progeny of single plant selections are kept separate, not bulked together.
Goals objectives preserve, enhance, and distribute seed of nearly 47,000 accessions. Although there are differences among authors for the objectives of plant breeding, one common theme is that plant breeding includes the art and science for manipulating genetic systems to develop superior cultivars. Definition, aim, objectives and scope of plant breeding. Organizational aspects of a plant breeding programme. This is the commonest approach taken to improving landraces. A core subset with fewer accessions can increase utility while maintaining most of the genetic diversity of the complete collection. In fact, traditional farming and lowinput systems, including organic agriculture, are a very heterogeneous population of target environments and not easily served by. This is a very widely used method, with many minor modifications. Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired. We publish prepublications to facilitate timely access to the committees findings. Plant breeders use different methods depending on the mode of reproduction of crops, which include. Learn about the comparison between pure line selection and mass selection.
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